Thomas Alsop
Research expert covering the global hardware industry
Computer components - statistics & facts
A computer has several key features including a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), memory, and storage. Just like organs have specific roles in the body, each component in a computer has a unique function. The CPU is like the brain, directing operations, while the GPU is like the eyes, processing visual information. Beyond this, short-term memory helps store data that the CPU needs to access quickly, while storage acts as the computer’s long-term memory, holding files and programs for extended periods. With the optimum combination of components, computers are becoming ever more powerful and efficient.
Processors help to power and accelerate devices and applications
Of the key components, a CPU is responsible for processing and executing instructions that make up a computer program. The GPU, meanwhile, is a specialized electronic circuit that accelerates the creation and rendering of images, video, and animations. GPUs have evolved to handle a growing range of applications, including artificial intelligence (AI). However, as AI demands have risen, many computers have now also been fitted with neural processing units, or NPUs. These components act as AI accelerators and are designed to supercharge generative AI and machine learning tasks onboard devices such as AI PCs.Memory and storage imperatives for data reliability and security
Computer memory refers to the physical devices used to store data or programs for computer use. Primary storage allows for the short-term storage of data, where information is retained for immediate use and is directly accessible by the CPU. The primary memory of a computer is called RAM, with the two most used forms being static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). The global DRAM market generated over 50 billion U.S. dollars in 2023, with Samsung being the largest manufacturer of DRAM in terms of revenues. Secondary storage, either in the form of hard disk drives, solid-state drives, flash drives, or other longer-term storage devices, records and holds data indefinitely, even when the main device is unpowered.Choosing the right tech for peak performance
Computer components like CPUs, GPUs, memory, and storage are the building blocks of a system. Peripheral devices, such as printers, monitors, and keyboards, extend a computer's functionality. As a result, understanding the best configuration is key to achieving the best computing capabilities. Benchmarks have therefore become a crucial tool, aiding buyers as they compare different setups and decide the best fit for their needs, whether it is gaming, content creation, or general computing.Components driving the future of computing
The computer components market can expect to be influenced by several important trends. AI acceleration through dedicated AI chips will become more prevalent, with AI applications accessible in more devices as the miniaturization of components takes place. With faster memory technologies and extended storage capabilities also coming to the fore, computers will become even more powerful, driving industries forward.
