The cleanliness culture in Japan is reflected in its public spaces like streets, train stations, and buildings, where littering is frowned upon and punished heavily. Even though trash cans are scarce on the street, the status quo in public is upheld by cleaning services that are supplemented by community events, where neighborhoods work together to tidy up public spaces. Within private households,
. But with the integration of women into the labor force and the consequent decline in the time available for housework, multi-purpose cleaning products and all-in-one solutions are in demand to save time.
Tools and formulations to fight soil
Tools used in cleaning residential spaces range from dry sweeping tools to wet wiping ones. A Japanese household has a variety of surfaces including wooden and PVC flooring, stainless steel furnishing, and ceramic tiles that require different treatment methods. Vacuum cleaners were the
preferred cleaning tool in Japan, allowing for fast dust control regardless of the surface type. While upright stick-type appliances have been closing in on the popularity of canister-type vacuum cleaners, smart devices like robotic cleaners are still uncommon.
As for wet cleaning methods, synthetic detergent account for the majority of
household cleaning agents distributed in Japan, which include laundry detergent, dishwashing liquids, and general household or furniture cleaners. All-purpose cleaners are marketed as a universal solution to clean surfaces. But removing soils like organic fats, inorganic matter, germs, and bacteria require specialty cleaners. Manufacturers further developed high-concentrated formulations promising effective cleaning of stubborn dirt, which raises concerns about
environmental pollution and is a challenge for water treatment facilities.
The custom of cleanliness
Rooted in religious customs and the belief that a clean environment and body are tied to a clean mind, cleanliness is taught as early as in school. Tidying the classroom, hallways, and courtyards after classes is part of Japanese school life. The habits are further nurtured in Japanese households, where regular household chores cumulate in spring cleaning occurring towards the end of the year when the demand for cleaning products and services rises. Referred to as “big cleaning” (
ōsoji), deep cleaning is commonly done in December to welcome the deity of the new year with a clean household. However, while the
majority still adhere to this custom, participation has declined in recent decades. Furthermore, benefitting from technological advancements and research breakthroughs, modern cleaning products reduce the time and frequency of housework needed to keep private living spaces clean. In addition,
professional house cleaning services supplement the consumer goods market, which is particularly in demand for maintenance of household appliances like air conditioners and built-in kitchen appliances.
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