Global Innovation Index ranking for human capital and research MENA by country 2017

The Global Innovation Index (GII) is an evolving project that builds on its previous editions while incorporating newly available data and that is inspired by the latest research on the measurement of innovation. The GII relies on two sub-indices —the Innovation Input Sub-Index and the Innovation Output Sub-Index—each built around key pillars.
Five input pillars capture elements of the national economy that enable innovative activities: (1) Institutions, (2) Human capital and research, (3) Infrastructure, (4) Market sophistication, and (5) Business sophistication. Two output pillars capture actual evidence of innovation outputs: (6) Knowledge and technology outputs and (7) Creative outputs.
Each pillar is divided into sub-pillars and each sub-pillar is composed of individual indicators (80 in total in 2018). Sub-pillar scores are calculated as the weighted average of individual indicators; pillar scores are calculated as the weighted average of sub-pillar scores.
Four measures are then calculated:
Innovation Input Sub-Index is the simple average of the first five pillar scores Innovation Output Sub-Index is the simple average of the last two pillar scores. The overall GII score is the simple average of the Input and Output Sub-Indices The Innovation Efficiency Ratio is the ratio of the Output Sub-Index over the Input Sub-Index.