Entrepreneurship framework conditions in Germany in 2018, by indicator

Data is composed of the National Expert Survey (which was conducted in additional to an Adult Population Survey with 2,000 people). 36 experts were surveyed in each economy including entrepreneurs and those involved in aspects of entrepreneurship such as finance, government and education. They were asked to evaluate statements about 12 framework conditions (see below), indicating the extent they agree on a nine-point Likert scale - 1 = highly insufficient, 9 = highly sufficient.

* Indicators:
Entrepreneurial finance describes the extent to which experts perceive there are enough funds for current and potential entrepreneurs. This includes informal investment, professional business angels, venture capitalists,banks, government loans, grants and subsidies, as well as crowdfunding.

Government policies support and relevance assesses whether experts believe their national governments demonstrate support for entrepreneurs.

Government policies, taxes and bureaucracy reflect the degree to which experts think current taxes are affordable and balanced for entrepreneurs, or whether they constitute a burden to starting and growing businesses.

Government entrepreneurship programs evaluates whether and how public agencies are providing specific programs for entrepreneurs. This includes subsidies, incubators, and agencies that assess and advise entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurship education at school stage includes expert evaluation of the degree to which entrepreneurship subjects are included in school programs, and whether schools are instilling students with entrepreneurial values.

Entrepreneurial education at post-school stage measures the inclusion of entrepreneurship subjects in post-school programs, such as colleges, business schools, and vocational centers. It includes the effectiveness of post-school educational systems in building students’ entrepreneurship skills and values.

R&D transfer synthetizes expert evaluation of R&D transfer from universities and research centers to the business sector and to what degree engineers and scientists can commercialize research findings and bring them to the market.

Commercial and professional infrastructure represents the supply and affordability of professionals and firms providing services to entrepreneurs, including accountants, lawyers, and consultants, to help them start and manage new businesses.

Physical Infrastructure facilitates communication, transportation, and business operations nationally and internationally through aspects such as high-speed Internet and cell phone service, real estate (land, buildings), reliable utilities, and advanced highways, railways, ports, and airports.

Internal market dynamics analyzes whether there is a free and open market where no entity exerts power to influence or set prices, and where changes in demand are met with changes in supply, and vice versa.

Internal market burdens or entry regulation summarizes the overall state of a market in terms of the absence of burdens entrepreneurs encounter upon entering markets, and regulations that can facilitate, rather than undermine, these efforts.

Cultural and social norms shows whether and how society exhibits an entrepreneurship focus within the culture through behavior, beliefs, language and customs. This can encourage entrepreneurs by demonstrating acceptance, support and high regard for their activity.