European Union migration flow by main routes 2019-2022

Percentage of illegal border-crossings between border-crossing points (BCPs) to the European Union from 2019 to 2022, by main routes

CharacteristicWestern BalkansCentral MediterraneanEastern MediterraneanWestern African RouteWestern MediterraneanEastern Borders RouteCircular Route from Albania to GreeceBlack Sea Route
2019 10.68% 9.87% 58.75% 1.92% 16.9% 0.51% 1.37% 0%
2020 21.33% 28.22% 16.04% 19.05% 13.74% 0.54% 1.08% 0%
2021 30.85% 33.84% 10.28% 11.17% 9.23% 4.08% 0.55% 0%
2022 43% 32% 13% 4.7% 4.6% 1.9% 0.2% 0.1%
Created with Highcharts 7.2.2Percentage of illegal crossingsWestern BalkansCentral MediterraneanEastern MediterraneanWestern African RouteWestern MediterraneanEastern Borders RouteCircular Route from Albania to GreeceBlack Sea Route2019202020212022
0%25%50%75%100%125%
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Release date

August 2023

Region

EU

Survey time period

2019 to 2022

Supplementary notes

Percentages for the four main routes only, Frontex also has four other minor border-crossing points that have been excluded in this statistic.

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