* INSEE defines the rate of independence as follows: "[...] the ratio between the national production of primary energies (coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, hydropower, renewable energies) and the consumption of primary energy [...]" br> > br> The source adds the following information: "Calculations based on real data, not corrected for climatic variations"
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Ministère de l'environnement, de l'énergie et de la mer, & SOeS. (April 24, 2020). France's energy independence rate from 1973 to 2019 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved December 22, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/769474/rate-independence-energetics-la-france/
Ministère de l'environnement, de l'énergie et de la mer, und SOeS. "France's energy independence rate from 1973 to 2019." Chart. April 24, 2020. Statista. Accessed December 22, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/769474/rate-independence-energetics-la-france/
Ministère de l'environnement, de l'énergie et de la mer, SOeS. (2020). France's energy independence rate from 1973 to 2019. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 22, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/769474/rate-independence-energetics-la-france/
Ministère de l'environnement, de l'énergie et de la mer, and SOeS. "France's Energy Independence Rate from 1973 to 2019." Statista, Statista Inc., 24 Apr 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/769474/rate-independence-energetics-la-france/
Ministère de l'environnement, de l'énergie et de la mer & SOeS, France's energy independence rate from 1973 to 2019 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/769474/rate-independence-energetics-la-france/ (last visited December 22, 2024)
France's energy independence rate from 1973 to 2019 [Graph], Ministère de l'environnement, de l'énergie et de la mer, & SOeS, April 24, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/769474/rate-independence-energetics-la-france/