Worldwide, Israel was the country that spent the highest share of its gross domestic product (GDP) on research and development (R&D) in 2021. That year, they spent roughly 5.56 percent of their GDP on R&D. South Korea followed in second with 4.93 percent, whereas the United States spent the third highest share of its GDP. On average, 1.93 percent of the global GDP was spent on R&D that year.
Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2021,by country
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UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (June 30, 2023). Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2021,by country [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved December 26, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2021,by country." Chart. June 30, 2023. Statista. Accessed December 26, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2023). Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2021,by country. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 26, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Share of Gross Domestic Product Spent on Research and Development (R&d) Worldwide in 2021,by Country." Statista, Statista Inc., 30 Jun 2023, https://www.statista.com/statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2021,by country Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/ (last visited December 26, 2024)
Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2021,by country [Graph], UNESCO Institute for Statistics, June 30, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
