Global primary energy demand 2000-2040

* Projections based on the new policies scenario which provides a measured assessment of where today’s policy frameworks and ambitions, together with the continued evolution of known technologies, might take the energy sector in the coming decades. The policy ambitions include those that have been announced as of August 2018 and incorporates the commitments made in the Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement, but does not speculate as to further evolution of these positions. Where commitments are aspirational, this scenario makes a judgement as to the likelihood of those commitments being met in full. It does not focus on achieving any particular outcome: it simply looks forward on the basis of announced policy ambitions.