Union membership rate U.S. 2023

Union membership has been declining since 1983, and reached a historic low in 2023. There was a slight rise in 2020, but this has been attributed to union members being less likely to lose their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023, the rate of union membership declined again to ten percent. Despite this constant decline, the number of workers represented by a union increased in 2023.

Rate of union membership of employees in the United States from 1983 to 2023

Characteristic	Membership rate
2023	10%
2022	10.1%
2021	10.3%
2020	10.8%
2019	10.3%
2018	10.5%
2017	10.7%
2016	10.7%
2015	11.1%
2014	11.1%
2013	11.3%
2012	11.3%
2011	11.8%

10%12%14%16%18%20%22%

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Release date

January 2024

More information

Region

United States

Survey time period

1983 to 2023

Age group

16 years and older

Supplementary notes

Numbers refer to wage and salary workers, excluding incorporated self employed.

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