Hydroelectric power generation in the U.S. 2023

Between 2000 and 2023, the net generation of conventional hydroelectric power in the United States exhibited significant variability. In 2023 the country generated approximately 239.86 terawatt hours (TWh) of hydroelectric power, a decrease from 254.79 TWh in 2022.

Future projections

The highest generation in this period was recorded in 2011, with 319.4 TWh, reflecting the dependence of hydroelectric power on natural water cycles, meteorological patterns, and political influences. Hydroelectric capacity in the U.S. peaked at 103.4 gigawatts (GW) in 2023. Although continuous growth in capacity is expected, projected hydro capacity additions remain modest, with only slight increases anticipated up to 2050. Nevertheless, this commitment to maintaining and expanding hydroelectric capacity reflects its ongoing importance in the national energy portfolio.

Regional focus

Hydropower consumption in the U.S. has fluctuated in recent years, reaching 818 quadrillion British thermal units (BTUs) in 2023. In 2022, the sector saw significant job growth of over 1,000 new positions compared to the previous year, with the number of employees rising to 7,930. Washington and California led U.S. hydroelectric production, with Washington producing over 60 TWh and California producing nearly 32 TWh in 2023. These states' contributions underscore the strategic importance of regional resources.