In 1989, a snap general election was called in South Africa and was the last to take place under apartheid rule. Although the National Party received close to 1.04 million votes, they suffered a setback, dropping below 50% for the first time. However, due to the first-past-the-post system, the party continued to remain in power, and had done so since 1948.
In 1990, F.W. de Klerk (the leader of the National Party from 1989-1994) began to transition the country out of apartheid after arranging a political agreement with the Black community. It was during this time that Nelson Mandela was released from prison, and the ban on anti-apartheid parties such as the African National Congress (ANC) was lifted.
House of Assembly election results from the apartheid era in South Africa from 1948 to 1989
Characteristic
National Party
United Party
Reunited National Party
Afrikaner Party
Independents
South African Labour Party
Progressive Party
Herstigte Nationale Party (Reconstituted National Party)
The right to elect three whites into the House of Assembly to represent the interests of Blacks in parliament was abolished in 1959 under the Representation of Natives Act. Through the Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act in 1968, representation for Coloreds in parliament was abolished. Instead, Coloreds were allowed representative bodies with limited powers.
Colored is an accepted term for ethnicity in South Africa, which refers to people of mixed race.
In 1951, the Reunited National Party (HNP) and Afrikaner Party (AP) merged, forming the National Party (NP).
In 1960, there was a constitutional referendum which voted in favor of leaving the Commonwealth and South Africa became a republic. The next House of Assembly election took place the following year.
In the 1961 elections, the source states the following: "Due to a discrepancy in the official results, the number of valid votes cast (803,268) exceeded the total number of votes cast (802,079). Percentage figures in the table are based on the 803,268 valid votes distributed among the political parties."
In the 1966 elections, the source states that there was a discrepancy in the official results, whereby the number of valid votes cast, and total votes cast were listed as the same figure (1,302,151), although there were invalid/blank votes (7,494). Percentage figures in the table are based on the 1,302,151 valid votes distributed among the political parties.
In 1983, there was a constitutional reform referendum, which voted in favor of the creation of a tricameral parliament - the first chamber was for whites (178 seats); the second for Coloreds (85 seats); the third for Indians (45 seats). No provisions were made for Black South Africans to be given the right to vote.
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South African History Online, & IPU, & African Elections Database. (September 11, 2018). House of Assembly election results from the apartheid era in South Africa from 1948 to 1989 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1479917/house-of-assembly-election-results-from-the-apartheid-era-in-south-africa/
South African History Online, und IPU, und African Elections Database. "House of Assembly election results from the apartheid era in South Africa from 1948 to 1989." Chart. September 11, 2018. Statista. Accessed November 23, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1479917/house-of-assembly-election-results-from-the-apartheid-era-in-south-africa/
South African History Online, IPU, African Elections Database. (2018). House of Assembly election results from the apartheid era in South Africa from 1948 to 1989. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: November 23, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1479917/house-of-assembly-election-results-from-the-apartheid-era-in-south-africa/
South African History Online, and IPU, and African Elections Database. "House of Assembly Election Results from The Apartheid Era in South Africa from 1948 to 1989." Statista, Statista Inc., 11 Sep 2018, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1479917/house-of-assembly-election-results-from-the-apartheid-era-in-south-africa/
South African History Online & IPU & African Elections Database, House of Assembly election results from the apartheid era in South Africa from 1948 to 1989 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1479917/house-of-assembly-election-results-from-the-apartheid-era-in-south-africa/ (last visited November 23, 2024)
House of Assembly election results from the apartheid era in South Africa from 1948 to 1989 [Graph], South African History Online, & IPU, & African Elections Database, September 11, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1479917/house-of-assembly-election-results-from-the-apartheid-era-in-south-africa/