The gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in Poland increased in the observed period from 0.55 percent in 2004 to 1.46 percent in 2022.
GERD is the gross domestic expenditure on research and development and is the total financial resources (both national and foreign) spent on research and development.
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP after Poland's accession to the European Union (EU) from 2004 to 2022
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Central Statistical Office of Poland. (December 28, 2023). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP after Poland's accession to the European Union (EU) from 2004 to 2022 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved December 21, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1475115/poland-randd-spending-as-share-of-gdp-after-accession-to-the-eu/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. "Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP after Poland's accession to the European Union (EU) from 2004 to 2022." Chart. December 28, 2023. Statista. Accessed December 21, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1475115/poland-randd-spending-as-share-of-gdp-after-accession-to-the-eu/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. (2023). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP after Poland's accession to the European Union (EU) from 2004 to 2022. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 21, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1475115/poland-randd-spending-as-share-of-gdp-after-accession-to-the-eu/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. "Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) as a Percentage of Gdp after Poland's Accession to The European Union (Eu) from 2004 to 2022." Statista, Statista Inc., 28 Dec 2023, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1475115/poland-randd-spending-as-share-of-gdp-after-accession-to-the-eu/
Central Statistical Office of Poland, Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP after Poland's accession to the European Union (EU) from 2004 to 2022 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1475115/poland-randd-spending-as-share-of-gdp-after-accession-to-the-eu/ (last visited December 21, 2024)
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP after Poland's accession to the European Union (EU) from 2004 to 2022 [Graph], Central Statistical Office of Poland, December 28, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1475115/poland-randd-spending-as-share-of-gdp-after-accession-to-the-eu/
