Total GHG emissions during the Russia-Ukraine war 2022-2024, by sector
It is estimated that at least 175 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO₂e) were generated in the first two years of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Direct warfare caused almost 30 percent of GHG emissions in the first 24 months of the war, while landscape fires linked to military causes, particularly those close to the frontlines, have emitted more than 20 MtCO₂e. Meanwhile, the future carbon cost of reconstruction efforts are estimated at some 56 MtCO₂e, owing to the large quantities of carbon intensive materials needed to reconstruct civilian infrastructure.