A global survey held in 2023 revealed that regardless of HDI, similar attitudes existed across all 16 countries in terms of who respondents felt should identify and counter online disinformation, with the government and regulators coming out as the top choice. Respondents were in almost unanimous agreement on all fronts, with 18 to 19 percent feeling that social media platforms should take charge of catching and curbing online disinformation or "fake news", and around 20 percent feeling that the news media should take responsibility.
Attitudes to who should be responsible for identifying and countering online disinformation worldwide as of September 2023, by HDI
(Human Development Index)
HDI is a summary measure of average achievement in key areas of human development, i.e. a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living; HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of these three areas
Method of interview
Online interview
Supplementary notes
*Sample size per country was 500.
Countries with a very high HDI included Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Romania, and the United States.
Countries with a high HDI included Algeria, Mexico, South Africa, Ukraine, Dominican Republic, and Indonesia.
Countries with a medium or low HDI included Bangladesh, El Salvador, Ghana, India, and Senegal.
Participating countries included those where there was publicly available information about a foreseen national election in 2024 as of August 2023.
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UNESCO. (November 27, 2023). Attitudes to who should be responsible for identifying and countering online disinformation worldwide as of September 2023, by HDI (Human Development Index) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved December 21, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1461839/responsibility-for-preventing-disinformation-attitudes-worldwide-by-hdi/
UNESCO. "Attitudes to who should be responsible for identifying and countering online disinformation worldwide as of September 2023, by HDI (Human Development Index)." Chart. November 27, 2023. Statista. Accessed December 21, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1461839/responsibility-for-preventing-disinformation-attitudes-worldwide-by-hdi/
UNESCO. (2023). Attitudes to who should be responsible for identifying and countering online disinformation worldwide as of September 2023, by HDI (Human Development Index). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 21, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1461839/responsibility-for-preventing-disinformation-attitudes-worldwide-by-hdi/
UNESCO. "Attitudes to Who Should Be Responsible for Identifying and Countering Online Disinformation Worldwide as of September 2023, by Hdi (Human Development Index)." Statista, Statista Inc., 27 Nov 2023, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1461839/responsibility-for-preventing-disinformation-attitudes-worldwide-by-hdi/
UNESCO, Attitudes to who should be responsible for identifying and countering online disinformation worldwide as of September 2023, by HDI (Human Development Index) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1461839/responsibility-for-preventing-disinformation-attitudes-worldwide-by-hdi/ (last visited December 21, 2024)
Attitudes to who should be responsible for identifying and countering online disinformation worldwide as of September 2023, by HDI (Human Development Index) [Graph], UNESCO, November 27, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1461839/responsibility-for-preventing-disinformation-attitudes-worldwide-by-hdi/
