EU inflation rate time series by sector 2023

Following the easing of restrictions related to the coronavirus pandemic in 2022, inflation rates in many economic sectors in Europe spiked, with the food and non-alcoholic beverages and transport sectors being particularly affected. Additionally, Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the subsequent energy crisis caused a spike in the housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels sector, with the inflation rate in these products reaching 23.2 percent in October 2022. All economic sectors have experienced a significant disinflation during 2023, as higher interest rates set by the European Central Bank have begun to dampen economic activity and thereby slowing price increase.

Monthly inflation rate in the European Union from January 2019 to December 2023, by sector

Characteristic	Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics	Restaurants and hotels	Food and non-alcoholic beverages	Education	Personal care	Health	Recreation and culture	Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance	Clothing and footwear	Transport	Communications	Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
2019-01	3.6%	2.1%	1.4%	1.2%	1.1%	1.2%	1.7%	0.6%	0.5%	1.2%	-1.3%	2.4%
2019-02	3.9%	2.1%	2%	1.2%	1.1%	1.3%	1.3%	0.5%	0.2%	1.6%	-1.3%	2.5%
2019-03	3.6%	2%	1.7%	1.2%	1.2%	1.3%	0.8%	0.5%	-0.5%	2.4%	-1.3%	2.7%
2019-04	3%	2.5%	1.6%	1.2%	1.2%	1.3%	1.7%	0.5%	-0.2%	3.3%	-1.5%	2.9%
2019-05	3%	2.4%	1.8%	1.2%	1.1%	1.2%	0.1%	0.6%	-0.1%	2.2%	-1.6%	2.6%
2019-06	2.9%	2.6%	2%	0.9%	1.1%	1.2%	1.1%	0.6%	0.1%	1.3%	-1.4%	2.4%
2019-07	2.9%	2.4%	2.5%	0.9%	1.2%	1.2%	0.1%	0.7%	1%	1%	-1.4%	1.8%
2019-08	2.9%	2.3%	2.6%	1.7%	1.2%	1.4%	-0.1%	0.6%	0.6%	0.7%	-1.2%	1.6%
2019-09	2.9%	2.5%	2%	1.7%	1.2%	1.4%	0.4%	0.7%	0.1%	0.1%	-0.7%	1.3%
2019-10	3%	2.4%	1.9%	1.9%	1.2%	1.4%	0.4%	0.6%	0.5%	-0.1%	-0.5%	0.7%
2019-11	3.2%	2.3%	2.3%	1.9%	1.1%	1.3%	1.7%	0.7%	0.4%	0.2%	-0.3%	0.5%
2019-12	3.1%	2.2%	2.4%	1.8%	1.4%	1.4%	1.3%	0.8%	0.4%	1.8%	-0.2%	0.9%
2020-01	3.3%	2.3%	2.5%	1.6%	1.3%	1.4%	0.7%	0.6%	0.2%	2.9%	-0.4%	1.1%
2020-02	3.1%	2.4%	2.5%	1.6%	1.4%	1.3%	1.2%	0.6%	0.6%	1.7%	-0.2%	0.8%
2020-03	3.2%	2.1%	3%	1.6%	1.5%	1.5%	0.8%	0.5%	2.3%	-0.6%	-0.3%	0.4%
2020-04	3.6%	2.1%	4.2%	1.4%	1.5%	1.5%	1.4%	0.9%	1.3%	-4%	-0.7%	-0.6%
2020-05	3.8%	1.9%	3.8%	1.4%	2%	1.6%	1.3%	0.6%	1%	-4.9%	-0.3%	-0.8%
2020-06	4.2%	1.6%	3.4%	1.8%	2.2%	1.6%	2%	0.6%	1%	-3.4%	-0.3%	-0.5%
2020-07	4.1%	1.3%	2.1%	1.9%	1.9%	1.5%	2.3%	0.9%	5.6%	-3%	-0.9%	-0.7%
2020-08	4.2%	1.5%	1.7%	1.9%	1.7%	1.3%	1.8%	0.3%	-0.8%	-3.3%	-1.2%	-0.6%
2020-09	4.1%	0.7%	1.7%	1.9%	1.7%	1.1%	1.3%	0.1%	0.2%	-3.1%	-1.3%	-0.6%
2020-10	3.9%	0.8%	2%	0.6%	1.5%	1%	1.1%	0.3%	1.1%	-3.3%	-2.1%	-0.5%
2020-11	3.9%	0.9%	1.7%	0.6%	1.5%	1%	0.3%	0.2%	0.5%	-3.4%	-1.7%	-0.4%
2020-12	4.1%	1.1%	0.9%	0.6%	1.4%	1%	1.1%	0.1%	-0.5%	-2.8%	-1.8%	-0.1%
2021-01	4%	1.1%	1.1%	0.7%	1.4%	0.9%	2.5%	1.3%	2.1%	-1.1%	-0.8%	0.9%
2021-02	4%	1%	0.9%	0.8%	1.2%	0.9%	1.9%	1%	0.6%	0.5%	-0.8%	1.1%
2021-03	3.4%	0.9%	0.6%	0.8%	1.4%	0.8%	1.9%	1%	-1%	3.8%	-1%	2%
2021-04	3.7%	0.7%	0.1%	0.9%	1.3%	0.7%	1.2%	0.9%	0.1%	5.8%	-0.4%	3.2%
2021-05	3.2%	0.6%	0.2%	1%	1%	0.7%	1.7%	1.1%	0.7%	7.3%	-0.6%	3.7%
2021-06	2.7%	1%	0.4%	0.9%	1%	0.6%	0.2%	1.3%	1.7%	6.6%	-0.6%	3.8%
2021-07	2.8%	2%	1.5%	0.9%	1.3%	0.7%	-0.8%	1.5%	-2.4%	7.3%	0%	4.8%
2021-08	2.8%	2.4%	2%	0.8%	1.5%	0.8%	0%	2.1%	3.4%	7.9%	0.2%	5.2%
2021-09	2.9%	2.9%	2.3%	-0.6%	1.7%	1%	1.5%	2.3%	1.7%	9.1%	0.4%	6%
2021-10	3.1%	3.2%	2.3%	0.2%	1.7%	1.2%	2%	2.6%	1.1%	11.2%	1%	8.1%
2021-11	2.6%	3.7%	2.9%	0.2%	2%	1.3%	4.1%	2.9%	1.7%	12.8%	0.6%	9.1%
2021-12	2.7%	3.9%	4.3%	0.2%	2.1%	1.3%	3.1%	3.2%	3%	11%	0.8%	9.8%
2022-01	2.8%	4.6%	4.8%	0.4%	2.4%	1.3%	3.2%	3.4%	0.9%	10.1%	-0.1%	12.1%
2022-02	3%	5%	5.5%	0.4%	2.8%	1.5%	3.6%	4.4%	2.7%	10.6%	0%	13.1%
2022-03	3.1%	5.9%	6.7%	0.5%	3%	1.9%	3.6%	4.9%	2.6%	15.1%	0.2%	16.8%
2022-04	3%	6.8%	8.6%	0.5%	3.7%	2%	4.2%	5.7%	2.6%	13.8%	0.2%	16.2%
2022-05	3.6%	8.1%	10%	0.5%	4.2%	2.3%	4.3%	6.6%	2.5%	15%	0%	16.8%
2022-06	4.1%	9%	11.6%	0.5%	4.6%	2.3%	5.1%	7.3%	1.6%	16%	0.1%	17.5%
2022-07	4.5%	9.4%	12.8%	0.6%	5.1%	2.4%	5.2%	7.6%	1.4%	14.1%	-0.2%	18.3%
2022-08	4.8%	9.3%	14%	0.7%	6.1%	2.5%	5.7%	8.2%	3.1%	11.1%	-0.3%	20.5%
2022-09	5.1%	9.8%	15.4%	4.6%	6.8%	2.7%	5.6%	8.7%	4.1%	11.6%	-0.4%	22.3%
2022-10	5.3%	9.8%	17.3%	5.1%	7.8%	3.1%	5.9%	9.3%	4.6%	10.7%	-0.4%	23.2%
2022-11	5.7%	9.6%	17.9%	5.2%	8.3%	3.2%	5.7%	9.6%	4.2%	9.4%	-0.3%	21.2%
2022-12	6.2%	9.8%	17.8%	5.2%	8.8%	3.4%	6.5%	10%	4.6%	7.8%	-0.1%	17.3%
2023-01	6.6%	9.6%	18%	5.4%	9.3%	4.1%	5.6%	9.9%	5.5%	8%	0.6%	13.9%
2023-02	7.2%	10%	19.1%	5.6%	9.7%	4.2%	6.3%	9.6%	5.9%	7%	1.1%	12.3%
2023-03	8.3%	9.8%	19.2%	5.6%	10%	3.9%	7.2%	9.4%	5.5%	1.3%	1.4%	7.3%
2023-04	8.5%	9.9%	16.4%	5.7%	9.8%	4%	6.6%	8.9%	5%	3.2%	1.4%	6.9%
2023-05	8.4%	9.4%	15%	5.7%	9.6%	4.1%	6.6%	8%	4.9%	0%	1.6%	5.8%
2023-06	8.5%	8.6%	13.8%	5.8%	9.2%	4.2%	6.7%	7.3%	5%	-1.1%	1%	4.3%
2023-07	8.3%	8.6%	12.5%	5.8%	8.6%	4.3%	7.4%	6.7%	4.5%	0.2%	1.2%	2.7%
2023-08	8.2%	8.1%	10.7%	5.8%	7.7%	5%	7.2%	6%	4.7%	3.8%	1.3%	0.8%
2023-09	7.9%	7.5%	9.4%	4.7%	7%	4.5%	6.1%	5.4%	3.6%	3.5%	1%	-1.2%
2023-10	7.6%	7.2%	7.6%	5%	6.1%	4.4%	5.4%	4.5%	3.2%	2%	1%	-4.1%
2023-11	7.4%	6.5%	6.8%	4.9%	5.5%	4.3%	4.5%	3.7%	2.9%	0.8%	0.8%	-3.6%
2023-12	6.7%	6%	5.9%	5%	4.8%	4.3%	3.8%	3.2%	2.8%	2.2%	0.8%	-1.3%