Air pollution levels in cities vary greatly around the world, though they are typically higher in developing regions.
In 2023, the cities of Jakarta and Mumbai had both average PM2.5 concentrations of 43.8 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³). By comparison, PM2.5 levels in Los Angeles and London were less than 10 μg/m³. Nevertheless, pollution levels in these four major cities are all higher than the World Health Organization's healthy limit, which are set at an annual average of less than five μg/m³. There are many sources of air pollution, such as energy production, transportation, and agricultural activities.
Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023
(in micrograms per cubic meter of air)
Characteristic
PM2.5 concentration in µg/m³
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IQAir. (March 19, 2024). Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved August 25, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
IQAir. "Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air)." Chart. March 19, 2024. Statista. Accessed August 25, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
IQAir. (2024). Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: August 25, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
IQAir. "Average Pm2.5 Concentrations in Selected Major Cities Worldwide in 2023 (in Micrograms per Cubic Meter of Air)." Statista, Statista Inc., 19 Mar 2024, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/
IQAir, Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/ (last visited August 25, 2024)
Average PM2.5 concentrations in selected major cities worldwide in 2023 (in micrograms per cubic meter of air) [Graph], IQAir, March 19, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383851/air-pollution-in-major-cities-worldwide/