EU internal trade: balance of trade in goods 2021-2023, by member state

For goods trade within the European Union, which is defined by the rules of the European Single Market, there are two notable countries whose balance of trade are massively unbalanced. The Netherlands is the country with the largest goods trade surplus in the union, recording a positive balance of over 280 billion Euros in 2022, while France recorded a substantial goods trade deficit of around 140 billion Euros. Another stand out country is Germany, as while it records a deficit which is worth only a third of France's deficit, this in fact marks a huge change for the country, as it has traditionally run large surpluses vis-a-vis other EU member states.