A study on the manipulation of online music streaming, conducted in France in 2021 found that the majority of fake music streams generated on streaming platform Qobuz, and whose source device could be traced back, orginated from desktop computers (31 percent), while 15 percent came from iOS devices and another 12 percent from Android devices.
Share of music streams detected as fake on Qobuz in France in 2021, by device
Fake music streams are one possible mechanism of manipulating online music streaming with intent to defraud and to artificially increase the performance and, hence, the revenue of a music piece. Fake music streams are illegitimate streams performed either by bots or by real persons receiving payment in return.
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Centre national de la musique. (January 16, 2023). Share of music streams detected as fake on Qobuz in France in 2021, by device [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved December 30, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1365944/fake-music-streaming-share-qobuz-france-device/
Centre national de la musique. "Share of music streams detected as fake on Qobuz in France in 2021, by device." Chart. January 16, 2023. Statista. Accessed December 30, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1365944/fake-music-streaming-share-qobuz-france-device/
Centre national de la musique. (2023). Share of music streams detected as fake on Qobuz in France in 2021, by device. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 30, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1365944/fake-music-streaming-share-qobuz-france-device/
Centre national de la musique. "Share of Music Streams Detected as Fake on Qobuz in France in 2021, by Device." Statista, Statista Inc., 16 Jan 2023, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1365944/fake-music-streaming-share-qobuz-france-device/
Centre national de la musique, Share of music streams detected as fake on Qobuz in France in 2021, by device Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1365944/fake-music-streaming-share-qobuz-france-device/ (last visited December 30, 2024)
Share of music streams detected as fake on Qobuz in France in 2021, by device [Graph], Centre national de la musique, January 16, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1365944/fake-music-streaming-share-qobuz-france-device/