Between 2021 and 2022, Spain's gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) was forecast to grow from 22.66 to 24.11 billion U.S. dollars in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. In both cases, such spending represented 1.25 percent of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Spain from 2020 to 2022
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R&D WORLD. (May 30, 2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved December 22, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345719/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development-share-gdp/
R&D WORLD. "Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Spain from 2020 to 2022." Chart. May 30, 2022. Statista. Accessed December 22, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345719/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development-share-gdp/
R&D WORLD. (2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Spain from 2020 to 2022. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 22, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345719/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development-share-gdp/
R&D WORLD. "Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) as a Share of The Gross Domestic Product (Gdp) in Spain from 2020 to 2022." Statista, Statista Inc., 30 May 2022, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345719/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development-share-gdp/
R&D WORLD, Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345719/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development-share-gdp/ (last visited December 22, 2024)
Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 [Graph], R&D WORLD, May 30, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345719/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development-share-gdp/