Spain's gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) was 22.66 billion U.S. dollars in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms in 2021. This number was forecast to increase to 24.11 billion U.S. dollars in PPP the following year.
Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Spain from 2020 to 2022
(in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)
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R&D WORLD. (May 30, 2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved December 22, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345549/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development/
R&D WORLD. "Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)." Chart. May 30, 2022. Statista. Accessed December 22, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345549/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development/
R&D WORLD. (2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 22, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345549/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development/
R&D WORLD. "Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 (in Billion U.S. Dollars in Ppp Terms)." Statista, Statista Inc., 30 May 2022, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345549/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development/
R&D WORLD, Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345549/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development/ (last visited December 22, 2024)
Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Spain from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph], R&D WORLD, May 30, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345549/spain-gross-expenditure-research-development/