Gross expenditure on R&D in Turkey 2019-2023

Published by Zeynep Dierks, Nov 19, 2024

Turkey's gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) reached more than 52 billion U.S. dollars in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms in 2023. Over the observed years, the figures constantly increased, except for 2020.

Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Turkey from 2019 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)

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Release date

November 2024

Region

Turkey

Survey time period

2019 to 2023

Supplementary notes

Weighted average exchange rate for

2019: 1 USD=1.84 TL

2020: 1 USD=2.11 TL

2021: 1 USD=2.78 TL

2022: 1 USD=4.72 TL

2023: 1 USD=7.24 TL



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