France: annual SO₂ emissions by sector 2023

Annual emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in France were around 82 thousand metric tons in 2023, after decreasing considerably over the previous 30 years. Until 1993, SO₂ emissions were larger than one million metric tons per year. The largest share of SO₂ emissions was from the manufacturing and construction sectors, followed by the energy industry. SO₂ is emitted by the combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfates and by industrial processes. The reduction of its emissions was caused by the replacement of fossil fuels with nuclear and renewable energy sources, by new national and international energy policies, and by the implementation of more effective industrial installation using fuels containing less sulfates.

Total annual sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions in metropolitan and overseas France from 1990 to 2023, by economic sector (in 1,000 metric tons)

Characteristic	Energy industry	Manufacturing and construction industry	Centralized waste management	Buildings and residential/tertiary activities	Agriculture/silviculture	Transportation
2023*	19	48	0.2	11.4	0.6	2.3
2022	20	53	0.2	12.2	0.6	2.3
2021	25	59	0.2	14.7	0.6	2.1
2020	20	54	0.3	14.8	0.6	1.8
2019	27	54	0.3	15.5	0.6	2.9
2018	39	63	0.2	16.4	0.6	3
2017	41	67	0.2	18	0.6	3
2016	42	70	0.3	18.4	0.6	2.9
2015	54	72	0.3	19.8	0.7	3.3
2014	62	72	0.3	19	1	3.3
2013	98	75	0.3	23.3	1.1	3.4
2012	110	80	0.3	22.5	1.1	3.5
2011	104	88	0.3	21.5	5.2	3
2010	132	101	0.4	27.5	6.4	2.9
2009	154	98	0.3	31.1	6.7	2.9
2008	184	115	0.4	34.9	6.6	6.3
2007	206	132	0.3	46.8	11.7	7.2
2006	215	139	0.3	51.9	11.8	7.7
2005	242	138	0.5	56.8	12	8.6
2004	242	133	0.5	57.7	12.4	29.7
2003	256	140	0.5	57.8	11.9	30.4
2002	248	168	0.6	56.6	12.9	29.9
2001	262	189	0.8	66.2	13.2	29.5
2000	310	197	1	64.9	14	28.7
1999	354	230	1.1	73	14	42.5
1998	420	251	1.4	72.6	13.6	52.6
1997	375	275	1.8	61	13.8	53.1
1996	428	303	2.3	68.3	14.6	106.8
1995	423	308	2.8	65.1	14.3	123.5
1994	413	317	3.3	80.8	18.3	160
1993	442	333	3.4	100.7	20.2	167.5
1992	551	373	3.4	116.5	19.2	164.5
1991	560	498	3.4	143.6	18.5	157.8
1990	576	395	3.4	147.8	18.4	152.6

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Release date

June 2024

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Region

France

Survey time period

1990 to 2023

Supplementary notes

* Preliminary figures.
International air and maritime transportation, and Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) are not included in the balance.

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