Significant shares of the minerals required for low-carbon energy technologies are sourced from politically unstable countries. For example, more than 77 percent of aluminum, a resource required for wind, solar photovoltaic, and energy storage infrastructure is produced in countries classified as politically unstable or extremely unstable.
Share of low-carbon technology minerals produced in politically unstable countries worldwide in 2020, by type
Figures have been calculated by Statista based on the total production volumes provided by the source. The list of critical minerals in the United States was cross-referenced with the data available from the source to compiled this statistic. Of the 50 critical minerals outlined by the United States Secretary of the Interior, data for 28 was provided by the source. Critical minerals in the United States are defined as follows: "a non-fuel mineral or mineral material essential to the economic or national security of the U.S. and which has a supply chain vulnerable to disruption".
According to the source, political stability or instability is defined as a measure of the perception of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including terrorism and political violence. Data from various dimensions of governance were analyzed to come up with a political stability score for each country. Scores fell between -2.5 and +2.5, with higher scores corresponding to higher levels of stability.
The source uses the following classes of political stability in their estimates: Less than -1.25: extremely unstable; -1.25 to 0: unstable; 0 to +1.25: fair; greater than +1.25: stable.
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BMLRT (Österreich). (April 28, 2022). Share of low-carbon technology minerals produced in politically unstable countries worldwide in 2020, by type [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved November 22, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1323261/share-of-global-low-carbon-technology-mineral-production-in-unstable-countries/
BMLRT (Österreich). "Share of low-carbon technology minerals produced in politically unstable countries worldwide in 2020, by type." Chart. April 28, 2022. Statista. Accessed November 22, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1323261/share-of-global-low-carbon-technology-mineral-production-in-unstable-countries/
BMLRT (Österreich). (2022). Share of low-carbon technology minerals produced in politically unstable countries worldwide in 2020, by type. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: November 22, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1323261/share-of-global-low-carbon-technology-mineral-production-in-unstable-countries/
BMLRT (Österreich). "Share of Low-carbon Technology Minerals Produced in Politically Unstable Countries Worldwide in 2020, by Type." Statista, Statista Inc., 28 Apr 2022, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1323261/share-of-global-low-carbon-technology-mineral-production-in-unstable-countries/
BMLRT (Österreich), Share of low-carbon technology minerals produced in politically unstable countries worldwide in 2020, by type Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1323261/share-of-global-low-carbon-technology-mineral-production-in-unstable-countries/ (last visited November 22, 2024)
Share of low-carbon technology minerals produced in politically unstable countries worldwide in 2020, by type [Graph], BMLRT (Österreich), April 28, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1323261/share-of-global-low-carbon-technology-mineral-production-in-unstable-countries/
