Circular material use rate in the European Union 2004-2023

Published by Bruna Alves, Mar 26, 2025

In 2023, an estimated 11.8 percent of material resources used in the European Union (EU-27) came from recycled waste materials. The EU's circular material rate has been on a mostly upward trend over the past decade, rising from some 8.2 percent in 2004. The circularity rate is the share of material resources used that come from recycled waste materials.

Circular material use rate in the European Union (EU-27) from 2004 to 2023

CharacteristicCircular material use rate
2023 11.8%
2022 11.5%
2021 11.1%
2020 11.2%
2019 11.2%
2018 11.6%
2017 11.5%
2016 11.4%
2015 11.2%
2014 11.1%
2013 11.2%
2012 11%
2011 10.2%
Showing entries 1 to 13 (20 entries in total)
Created with Highcharts 7.2.2Circular material use rate20042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
0%2.5%5%7.5%10%12.5%15%

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Release date

November 2024

Region

EU

Survey time period

2004 to 2023

Supplementary notes

The circular material use rate, also called circularity rate, measures in percentage the share of material recycled and fed back into the economy in overall material use.

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