Spain: poverty risk by age 2023

Since 2008, the at-risk-of-poverty and social exclusion rate for the country's older population has fallen considerably despite the sudden increase experienced in 2020, when it increased from 15.7 percent to 20.5 percent. In that 12-year span, the elderly passed from having the second highest rate to the lowest. However, it should be noted that the income received by the elderly population (pensions) is fairly stable, and that variations in poverty rates experienced by this group may be related to changes in the threshold of poverty more than to changes in their income.

The age group made up of people aged between 16 and 29 years experienced the opposite trend: while they had one of the lowest poverty risk rates at the beginning of the studied period (22.8 percent), between 2012 and 2021 (with the exception of 2020), they became the age group with the largest share of the population at risk of poverty and social exclusion, reaching its peak in 2015 at 38.2 percent. As of 2023, the share of population at risk for both this group and those aged bellow 16 years was above 33 percent.

Share of population at risk of poverty or social exclusion in Spain from 2008 to 2023, by age group

Characteristic	Under 16 years	16-29 years	30-44 years	45-64 years	65 years and above
2023	33.5%	31.2%	25.9%	26.1%	21.1%
2022	31.9%	30.2%	25.7%	25.3%	21.3%
2021	32.5%	33.5%	27.3%	27.6%	19.8%
2020	31.2%	30.3%	25.6%	26.4%	20.5%
2019	30.1%	31.7%	24.7%	26.2%	15.7%
2018	28.8%	33.8%	24.4%	27.6%	17.6%
2017	31%	34.8%	25%	28%	16.4%
2016	31.7%	37.6%	27.1%	30.5%	14.4%
2015	33.4%	38.2%	28.5%	31%	13.7%
2014	35.4%	36.4%	30.4%	31%	12.9%
2013	31.9%	33%	28%	28.9%	14.5%
2012	31.4%	33.5%	28%	27.2%	16.5%
2011	31.6%	30.4%	26%	25.8%	21.2%
2010	32.6%	27.8%	24.9%	24.2%	22.9%
2009	31.9%	23.6%	22.9%	22.7%	24.9%
2008	29.6%	22.8%	21.3%	21.8%	26.2%

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Release date

2024

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Region

Spain

Survey time period

2008 to 2023

Supplementary notes

The source adds: "The population at risk of poverty or social exclusion is that which is in one of these situations:
- At risk of poverty (60% of the median income per consumption unit).
- With severe material deprivation (with deprivation in at least 4 concepts from a list of 9).
- In households without employment, or with low employment intensity (households in which the members of working age did so for less than 20% of their work potential during the reference year)."

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