The net lending/borrowing rate in all the Nordic countries fell below zero in 2020 after the outbreak of COVID-19. At the beginning of the 2010s, Norway had the highest positive net lending/borrowing rate, but it has decreased steadily since 2012. In 2021, Iceland is predicted to have the highest negative net lending/borrowing rate of the Nordic countries with almost minus nine percent, whereas Denmark was forecast to have the lowest with minus two percent.
Net lending/borrowing in the Nordic countries from 2011 to 2021, by country
Characteristic
Denmark
Finland
Iceland
Norway
Sweden
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The source adds the following information:
Net lending (+)/ borrowing (–) is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core GFS balance that measures the extent to which general government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonresidents (net lending), or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors and nonresidents (net borrowing). This balance may be viewed as an indicator of the financial impact of general government activity on the rest of the economy and nonresidents (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.17). Note: Net lending (+)/borrowing (–) is also equal to net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities.
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IMF. (October 31, 2021). Net lending/borrowing in the Nordic countries from 2011 to 2021, by country [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved July 28, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1274548/net-lending-borrowing-nordic-countries/
IMF. "Net lending/borrowing in the Nordic countries from 2011 to 2021, by country." Chart. October 31, 2021. Statista. Accessed July 28, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1274548/net-lending-borrowing-nordic-countries/
IMF. (2021). Net lending/borrowing in the Nordic countries from 2011 to 2021, by country. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: July 28, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1274548/net-lending-borrowing-nordic-countries/
IMF. "Net Lending/Borrowing in The Nordic Countries from 2011 to 2021, by Country." Statista, Statista Inc., 31 Oct 2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1274548/net-lending-borrowing-nordic-countries/
IMF, Net lending/borrowing in the Nordic countries from 2011 to 2021, by country Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1274548/net-lending-borrowing-nordic-countries/ (last visited July 28, 2024)
Net lending/borrowing in the Nordic countries from 2011 to 2021, by country [Graph], IMF, October 31, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1274548/net-lending-borrowing-nordic-countries/
