Share of first-level BPJS healthcare facility partners Indonesia 2023, by type

In 2023, roughly 43 percent of first-level inpatient and outpatient healthcare facilities partnering with Indonesia's Social Security Administrator for Health, or BPJS, were community health centers. It was followed by primary clinics, at 32 percent.

The importance of community health centers in Indonesia

Community health centers, or Puskesmas, play a crucial role in Indonesia’s healthcare system. They are the primary healthcare providers for millions, particularly in rural and underserved areas, and are often the first point of contact for patients. Puskesmas focus on preventive and promotive care, providing essential services such as immunizations, maternal and child health programs, and disease prevention. By offering low-cost or free services through the national health insurance program, Puskesmas improve access to healthcare for low-income families and help reduce the healthcare burden for hospitals. The number of puskesmas in Indonesia has been increasing in recent years, reaching 10,180 in 2023. 

How does the healthcare system in Indonesia work?

Indonesia’s healthcare system combines public and private providers to offer a broad range of services across the country. The Social Security Administrator for Health, or Badan Penyelenggra Jaminan Sosial (BPJS), manages Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), the national health insurance program, which provides subsidized healthcare for citizens. In 2023, BPJS recorded about 267 million beneficiaries of the JKN program across Indonesia. Under JKN, individuals can access care at various levels, from Puskesmas for primary care to regional and national hospitals for specialized treatments. In 2023, first-level outpatient care was the most used service by JKN beneficiaries.