Innovation score in human resources in European countries 2022

The source adds the following information:

The European innovation scoreboard provides a comparative analysis of innovation performance in EU countries, other European countries, and regional neighbours. It assesses the relative strengths and weaknesses of national innovation systems and helps countries identify areas they need to address.

"Human resources includes three indicators and measures the availability of a high-skilled and educated workforce. Human resources includes New doctorate graduates in STEM, Population aged 25-34 with completed tertiary education, and Population aged 25-64 involved in lifelong learning activities. Compared to the EIS 2020, the indicator measuring New doctorate graduates is more focused as it only includes graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)."

The EIS 2021 distinguish between four main types of activities, and 12 innovation dimensions, capturing in total 32 indicators."

A list of the indicators is available on page 4 on the in-depth Methodology Report from the European Commission.