In 2022, the gross domestic expenditure on research & development (GERD) as a percentage of Egypt's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) amounted to 0.72 percent. The share has been stable since 2020. The Egyptian constitution sets the GERD spending to one percent of the country's GDP. However, the de facto spending fell short of the allocated percentage.
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of GDP in Egypt from 2020 to 2022
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R&D WORLD. (May 30, 2022). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of GDP in Egypt from 2020 to 2022 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved December 30, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1245285/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-randd-as-percentage-of-gdp-in-egypt/
R&D WORLD. "Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of GDP in Egypt from 2020 to 2022." Chart. May 30, 2022. Statista. Accessed December 30, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1245285/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-randd-as-percentage-of-gdp-in-egypt/
R&D WORLD. (2022). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of GDP in Egypt from 2020 to 2022. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 30, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1245285/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-randd-as-percentage-of-gdp-in-egypt/
R&D WORLD. "Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) as a Share of Gdp in Egypt from 2020 to 2022." Statista, Statista Inc., 30 May 2022, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1245285/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-randd-as-percentage-of-gdp-in-egypt/
R&D WORLD, Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of GDP in Egypt from 2020 to 2022 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1245285/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-randd-as-percentage-of-gdp-in-egypt/ (last visited December 30, 2024)
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a share of GDP in Egypt from 2020 to 2022 [Graph], R&D WORLD, May 30, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1245285/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-randd-as-percentage-of-gdp-in-egypt/