U.S. drug prices at manufacturer level compared to other countries by multiplier 2020

* Estimated U.S. net prices reflect confidential rebates and other price concessions, information on such discounts was not publicly available for the comparison countries. Thus, the actual differences between U.S. prices and those of the other countries were likely larger than GAO estimates in this statistic.

The analysis was based on 20 brand-name, single-source prescription drugs that were among those with the highest total expenditures and use in the U.S. Medicare Part D program in 2017 and included on the formularies of all three selected comparison countries in 2020.
Prices for selected comparison countries—Australia, Canada (Ontario), and France—were prices listed on their respective public formularies from January 2020 and were converted to U.S. dollars at the relevant monthly Federal Reserve rates.
Net prices at the manufacturer level are the final amounts a manufacturer receives from all payers, such as wholesalers or retail chains, less rebates and other price concessions the manufacturer pays.