Concentration of mobile shopping in lower-tier cities in China 2019-2020
China's mobile commerce market in lower-tier cities is highly concentrated. As of December 2020, around 87.9 percent of users from lower-tier cities shopped on the leading two platforms, while 89.4 percent shopped on the top four platforms. The leading mobile shopping apps among lower-tier users in China are Mobile Taobao, Pinduoduo, and JD.com