Medal count by country in the Women's 4x100m relay at the Summer Olympics 1928-2020

The Women's 4x100 meter Relay race has been included in all Summer Olympics since women's athletic events were first introduced in 1928. Since this time, relay teams from the United States have had the most success, winning eleven gold medals, three silvers, and two bronze medals, from 22 events. British teams have won the second highest number of medals, with nine in total, although none of these have been gold. When the medal tallies of Germany, East Germany and West Germany are combined, German teams have been the second most successful in this event, with three golds, five silvers and one bronze medal. The most successful athlete in this event is the U.S.' Evelyn Ashford, who won three back-to-back gold medals between 1984 and 1992.

In 2007, Marion Jones was stripped of her bronze medal from 2000, due to her involvement in the BALCO doping scandal; her team, however, were allowed to retain their medals. In 2016, the entire Russian relay team of 2008 were stripped of their gold medals, as one of the runners tested positive for multiple banned substances (while another team member also tested positive in 2017); the 2008 medals were redistributed accordingly.